How do the Alpine regions implement their regional strategies for smart specialisation (S3)? And what is the role of cluster initiatives in this process? ‘ClusterAgentur’, a regional agency for cluster initiatives in Baden-Wuerttemberg, addressed this question as part of the inter-regional EU project entitled ‘Smart Specialisation Strategies to Build an Innovation Model for AlpClusters’ (‘S3-4AlpClusters’ for short).